Viejas variedades, nuevas oportunidades: un trabajo de investigación saca a la luz viejas variedades de vid desconocidas en peligro de extinción

El estudio molecular de la colección de vides recopiladas por la antigua Estación de Viticultura y Enología de Movera, actualmente integrada en el Centro de Transferencia Agroalimentaria del Departamento de Agricultura y Alimentación del Gobierno de Aragón, realizado en colaboración con la Estación Experimental de Aula Dei (CSIC), ha permitido descubrir un número importante de variedades desconocidas en peligro de extinción que podrían ser autóctonas de la región

Molecular variance of the Tunisian almond germplasm assessed by simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers

The genetic variance analysis of 82 almond (Prunus dulcis Mill.) genotypes was performed using ten genomic simple sequence repeats (SSRs). A total of 50 genotypes from Tunisia including local landraces identified while prospecting the different sites of Bizerte and Sidi Bouzid (Northern and central parts) which are the most important locations of almond diversity in Tunisia were included. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) was  performed for 11 populations from these different regions and foreign countries to examine the distribution of genetic variation of the accessions studied. Results show that the major variation occurred within populations in each geographic site. Additionally, this analysis demonstrates that the genetic diversity within local almond cultivars was important, with a clear geographic distinction between the Northern and the Southern Tunisian cultivars. The value of prospecting new sites, preserving genetic diversity and encouraging on farmers almond collections is also discussed.Keywords: Prunus dulcis Mill., Genetic resources, AMOVA, local ecotypes, geographic origin, TunisiaAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(29), pp. 4569-457

Usefulness of microsatellites for positioning the tunisian almond germplasm in its mediterranean geographic context.

6 Pags.- 1 Tabl.- 1 Fig. The definitive version is available at: http://www.actahort.org/index.htmIn Tunisia, the almond tree (Prunus dulcis), dating back to ancient times, has been grown extensively since the Carthaginian era. In the framework of a national project on the characterisation and the conservation of the local almond germplasm many morphological and molecular markers (RAPD and SSR) have been used in order to analyse the genetic diversity of the main almond cultivars and to seek for the genetic position of these resources in the Mediterranean basin. For this study, 10 SSRs were used to analyse 82 almond accessions from different origins. Most of them originated from Tunisia (50), the others included in the National collection were from France (9), Italy (7), Morocco (1), Spain (8), USA (3), or were of unknown origin (4). The dendrogram based on UPGMA analysis using the similarity matrix generated by the Nei and Li (1979) coefficient presented four main clusters (A, B, C and D). In group A were present 40 of the 50 local genotypes that originate from the centre and the south contrarily, all cultivars from the north were in group C and clustered with the European and American genotypes. Accordingly, our study stressed the large diversity of the Tunisian almonds and revealed the presence of two distinct genetic groups. One located in the north genetically close to the gene pool of the Northern border of the Mediterranean and the second in the central and southern part that is highly adapted to different abiotic stress mainly drought.Peer reviewe

Molecular characterization and genetic diversity of Prunus rootstocks

The definitive version is available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03044238Twenty microsatellite primer pairs, previously developed in peach, were used to characterize and to explore genetic relationships among 44 clones, representing three groups of rootstocks defined as: (1) Peach-based rootstocks (Prunus dulcis x P. persica, P. persica x P. davidiana); (2) Myrobalan - Marianna plums (P. cerasifera, and interspecific hybrids having P. cerasifera as a parent); and (3) Slow growing plums (P. insititia, P. domestica, and P. domestica x P. spinosa). Eighteen SSR markers, from the 20 initially used, were able to amplify polymorphic products for the Peach-based rootstocks and 13 common markers gave also polymorphism for the Myrobalan-Marianna and Slow growing plums groups. The Dice coefficient of similarity was calculated between all pairs of accessions and their genetic similarity represented by a principal coordinate analysis. The genetic diversity detected among the 44 clones studied divided them in three groups, which are in agreement with their current taxonomic classification and their morphological characteristics. A set of three microsatellites (BPPCT001, CPPCT022 and UDP98-407) can distinguish between all the clones analyzed. The analysis within groups reveal another two sets of three SSR to distinguish between the clones from the peach based rootstocks and the myrobalan-Marianna plums respectively and only a single SSR is needed to distinguish within the clones from the Slow growing plums group. These results demonstrate the high potential of the SSR analysis for peach rootstock identification and studies of diversity in Prunus species.This research was funded by CICYT (Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología AGL 2005-05533), INIA (Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, RF03-014-C2 and RF2007-00026-C02-01), DGA (Diputación General de Aragón, A44). M. Bouhadida was supported by a fellowship from the AECI (Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional) of the Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and an I3P-PC2006 contract from the CSIC-FSE for M.J. Gonzalo.Peer reviewe

Breeding strategies for identifying superior peach genotypes resistant to brown rot

A sustainable approach to control the incidence of brown rot in pre- and post-harvest management is to select genotypes with high contents of antioxidant compounds and tolerance to Monilinia laxa (Aderh. and Ruhland) Honey. In this study, 68 progenies of the ‘Babygold 9’ × ‘Crown Princess’ population from the EEAD-CSIC breeding program were screened under controlled conditions for a period of 3 years (2013–2015). Susceptibility to brown rot was evaluated after inoculating 20 healthy fruits per genotype with M. laxa. Brown rot incidence, lesion diameter, and colonization extent, as well as the severities of these issues, were calculated after 5 days of incubation. Physicochemical traits, such as fruit firmness and soluble solids content, were also recorded before and after storage. Titratable acidity, pH, and antioxidant composition were measured at harvest. Significant differences were found for pathogenic traits, as well as for contents of vitamin C, total phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, within genotypes in this population. Negative correlations were also found between the content of phytochemical compounds (such as anthocyanins and total phenolics), as well as disease incidence and severity. Differences in susceptibility to brown rot confirm the genetic variability available in these progeny. This allowed the selection of six genotypes highly resistant to brown rot of M. laxa, with high organoleptic properties and high phenol content, to be introduced in our peach breeding program.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

ddRAD-seq para el análisis de asociación genómico de los principales caracteres agronómicos y calidad organoléptica en melocotonero

PósterDouble-digest RAD sequencing (ddRAD-Seq) is a powerful method for SNP discovery at a genome-wide scale. It relies on breaking the genome into a certain size of DNA fragments using two restriction enzymes: i) one common cutter with a short recognition site and ii) a low frequency cutter having a large recognition motif . Amplification step in library preparation can introduce PCR artefacts. Those are expected to skew allele frequency by increasing homozygosity leading to false genotype calls. In this context, we carried out a comparison study between DNA-variants generated with duplicates and those generated after removing with either "'SAMtools:rmdup" or "Stacks clone filter". On the other hand, the accuracy of genetic variants identification is a crucial step towards understanding phenotypical traits and monitoring breeding programs. Thereby, a good combination of computational tools for alignment and variant calling is crucial to tackle the possible artifacts. In response to this challenge, three variant callers (BCFtools, Freebayes and GATK-HaplotypeCaller) were combined on top of the BWA-mem read mapper. SNPs derived from the intersection of these callers were used for a genome wide association study to genetic variants associated with agronomic and organoleptic traits (In this poster, we illustrate only one study case trait). A diverse set of 90 peach accessions were sampled from the Experimental Station of Aula Dei (CSIC) located at Zaragoza (northern of Spain). This germplasm collection includes landraces and modem breeding lines from different origins.EEA San PedroFil: Ksouri, Najla. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC). Estación Experimental Aula Dei; EspañaFil: Sánchez, Gerardo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Pedro; ArgentinaFil: Contreras-Moreira, Bruno. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC). Estación Experimental Aula Dei; EspañaFil: Gogorcena Aoiz, Yolanda. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC). Estación Experimental Aula Dei; Españ

Molecular markers for grape characterization

Research NoteFive cultivars and 9 Pinot noir clones were used to test the usefulness of RFLP and RAPD markers and determine whether clonal selections could be differentiated

Identification of ‘Calanda’-Type Peach Genotypes Tolerant to Monilinia laxa (Aderh. & Ruhland) Honey

One of the diseases that has the greatest negative effect on peach production is brown rot, produced by the fungus, Monilinia spp. The way to diminish this disease is the selection of genotypes with a high tolerance to Monilinia spp. while maintaining fruit quality. In this study, the tolerance to Monilinia laxa and agronomic and biochemical characteristics of forty-two hybrids derived from the ‘Andross’ × ‘Calante’ cross were studied under controlled conditions during two consecutive years, and compared with their parents. The assessment of tolerance to brown rot was estimated on inoculated fruit with M. laxa, recording the incidence of brown rot and colonization, lesion diameter and extent of colonization, to establish the severity of incidence and colonization. At harvest, physicochemical traits and antioxidant compounds (vitamin C, total phenolics, flavonoids and relative antioxidant capacity) were determined. We have found inverse relationships between fruit firmness, pH, titratable acidity and antioxidant contents with the disease symptoms in fruit. Our results confirm that the accumulation of antioxidants tends to reduce the lesion and colonization in inoculated fruit. Principal component analysis allowed the selection of two genotypes, AC-24 and AC-93, of ‘Calanda’-type peaches with a known standard quality, high antioxidant content and minimal susceptibility to brown rot

Influencia de diversos patrones ciruelo sobre las características agronómicas y la calidad del fruto en la variedad de melocotonero ‘Catherina’

4 Pags.- 2 Tabls. Contribución de los autores originalmente presentada, como comunicación,en el XIV Congreso Nacional de Ciencias Hortícolas (SECH 2015): Retos de la Nueva Agricultura Mediterránea (Orihuela, 3-5 junio 2015).En este trabajo se estudia la influencia de ocho patrones ciruelo (Adesoto 101, Constantí 1, PM 105 AD, Puebla de Soto 67 AD, Monpol, Montizo y San Julián GF 655-2) y un franco de melocotonero (Benasque), sobre el vigor y supervivencia de los árboles, productividad y calidad del fruto en la variedad de melocotonero ‘Catherina’. Entre los parámetros de calidad se determinaron tamaño del fruto, firmeza, sólidos solubles (ºBrix), acidez valorable e índice de madurez, así como otros parámetros bioquímicos: azúcares y distintos compuestos antioxidantes. El contenido en azúcares (sacarosa, glucosa, fructosa y sorbitol) se determinó mediante cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (HPLC). A los doce años de la plantación, se observaron diferencias significativas entre patrones, tanto en los parámetros agronómicos como de calidad del fruto de la variedad injertada.Este trabajo ha sido financiado por el Ministerio de Ciencia y Innovación (MICINN) AGL-2005-05533 y AGL-2008-00283, con cofinanciación FEDER, y el gobierno de Aragón (A44). C. Font es beneficiaria de una beca JAE-Pre del CSIC.Peer reviewe